Editor's Note On April 18 this year, the 2019 "China Industrial History" compilation work conference hosted by the China Federation of Industrial Economics (hereinafter referred to as "Federation of Industry and Economics") was held in Beijing. Up to now, each volume of "Chinese Industrial History" has completed the compilation tasks of "three-level outline" and "Memorabilia", and has fully entered the stage of writing the first draft. It is expected that the compilation of "Chinese Industrial History" will be preliminarily completed in 2021. Anniversary gift.
It is understood that the compilation of "Chinese Industrial History" adopts a comprehensive method. Each volume can be divided into upper, lower or upper, middle and lower volumes according to the actual situation, each volume is about 1 million words, the total scale is about 50 million words, and a total of 19 volumes. At present, a review body composed of 130 historians and industry experts has been established, and the review of manuscripts has started.
China Iron and Steel Association has undertaken the compilation of "China's Industrial History - Iron and Steel Industry Volume" to systematically reflect the development history of China's iron and steel industry.
Today's edition publishes the article "The Difficult Start of New China's Iron and Steel Industry" written by Chen Xinliang, Deputy Director of the Comprehensive Department of China Iron and Steel Association, in the first draft of "China's Industrial History: Iron and Steel Industry Volume" (published in installments, part of which is published today), in order to pass relevant events , people, data, pictures, materials, etc., so that many people understand the difficult start and forge ahead of the new China's steel industry.
Chen Xinliang (Beijing)
New China's iron and steel industry was established and developed on the basis of taking over the iron and steel enterprises managed by the National Government during the war of liberation and developing national capital iron and steel enterprises. The second is the iron and steel enterprises operated by private capitalists; the third is the local private iron-making and steel-making workshop-style small and micro enterprises.
Take over 19 iron and steel enterprises managed by the National Government
In the war of liberation, the Chinese People's Liberation Army liberated a city of Harbin on April 28, 1946, and ended with the liberation of Lhasa on May 23, 1951, which lasted five years for the complete liberation of mainland China. Throughout the war of liberation, with the advance of the war, the military control committees of the People's Liberation Army (referred to as the Military Control Commission) in various places took over various steel enterprises managed by the National Government and quickly organized the resumption of production. According to the statistics of the process of the war of liberation, the steel production enterprises that have taken over are:
1 Yangquan Iron Works
On May 2, 1947, Shanxi Yangquan was liberated. The Chinese People's Liberation Army took over the Yangquan Mining Bureau Iron Works managed by Yan Xishan and renamed it Yangquan Iron Works in the Shanxi-Chahar-Hebei Border Region. At that time, the plant had 2 blast furnaces (58 cubic meters) with a daily output of 20 tons of iron. After taking over, in June 1947, the General Headquarters of the Jin-Chahar-Hebei Military Region ordered the No. 2 blast furnace and its ancillary equipment to be demolished and transferred to the Guxian Iron Works in southeastern Shanxi. The No. 1 blast furnace that remained in Yangquan began to be repaired at the end of 1947. After more than three months of comprehensive repair, it was put into operation on February 26, 1948. A furnace of molten iron from the factory after the liberation of Yangquan flowed out, and used it to manufacture military supplies. supported the liberation war. In September 1948, the factory was officially renamed as Yangquan Iron Works, under the jurisdiction of the North China People's Government.
2 Jinhe Chamber of Commerce and Dalian Dahua Mining Co., Ltd.
On July 1, 1947, Jinhe Chamber of Commerce and Dahua Mining Co., Ltd. were handed over to China by the Soviet Red Army. After the Soviet Red Army took over from the Japanese on August 27, 1945, most of the equipment in the two factories was dismantled by the Soviet Red Army. After the handover to our side, the two enterprises were under the leadership of the Military Industry Department of the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The Jinhe Chamber of Commerce was renamed Dalian Metal Manufacturing Plant, and Dahua Mining Co., Ltd. was renamed Dalian Steelmaking Plant. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the workers actively participated in the battle to restore production as masters. The Dalian steelmaking plant mainly used electric furnace steelmaking. By the end of 1947, the monthly output had returned to the level of 90 tons. On the basis of repeated research and development, the factory successfully produced the qualified nickel-copper alloy for processing shell fuze lugs for the first time in my country's smelting history. On October 31, 1948, the Dalian Metal Manufacturing Plant merged with the Dalian Steelmaking Plant and was renamed Dalian Iron and Steel Plant. In June 1953, it was renamed Dalian Steel Plant.
3 Anshan Iron and Steel Company
On February 19, 1948, Anshan City was liberated, and the Northeast Bureau of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China took over Ansteel.
On December 26, 1948, the Northeast Administrative Committee approved the establishment of Anshan Iron and Steel Company, and established 4 divisions, 9 departments and 29 factories and mines, and began to formulate a factory restoration plan. Under the circumstance that the materials and equipment used for repairing and production were in short supply at that time, the Anshan Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China launched a mass donation campaign in the city. The majority of employees responded one after another and presented 210,000 pieces of equipment. After more than a year of repairs, on April 25, 1949, the No. 2 open hearth furnace with 100 tons of steel production resumed production, and the first furnace of steel was produced after the liberation of Anshan Iron and Steel; on April 28, the No. 1 open hearth with 100 tons of steel production resumed production; On June 27, the No. 2 blast furnace resumed production and officially tapped iron. On July 9, 1949, Ansteel held a groundbreaking ceremony, and Ansteel entered a period of comprehensive recovery. By the end of the national economic recovery period at the end of 1952, Ansteel had successively repaired and built 4 mines, 6 coke ovens, 3 blast furnaces, 8 open hearth furnaces, 6 sets of rolling mills and corresponding auxiliary facilities, and production was basically fully restored.
4 Benxihu Coal and Iron Company
On October 31, 1948, the city of Xixi was liberated; on November 2, the Ministry of Industry of the Northeast Administrative Committee took over the Benxi Lake Coal and Iron Company (the predecessor of Benxi Iron and Steel); on November 7, the company changed its name to Benxi Coal and Iron Company, and established 5 offices and 7 departments And 32 factories and mines, carry out emergency repair equipment, donate equipment activities, and resume production. On November 11, 1948, a 250-kilogram induction furnace in a special steel plant smelted a furnace of special steel after the liberation of Benxi Coal and Iron Company. The No. 2 blast furnace was repaired on July 3, 1949, the blast furnace was tapped on July 4, and the No. 1 blast furnace was repaired on October 1. On July 15, 1949, the groundbreaking ceremony of the Nixi Coal and Iron Company was held. By the end of 1952, 2 iron-making blast furnaces, 3 steel-making electric furnaces and 2 induction furnaces of Benxi Coal and Iron Company had fully resumed production, and in 1950 the trial production of ball steel was successful; The utilization coefficients set new records continuously.
5 Fushun Steel Plant
On October 31, 1948, Fushun was liberated. On November 6, the Fushun Military Control Commission took over the Fushun Steel Plant and resumed production. On December 6, the No. 6 3-ton electric furnace of the steel plant produced a furnace of steel after the liberation of Fushun; In addition, the factory's original 1-ton and 5-ton electric furnaces have also resumed production. The predecessor of the factory was founded by the Japanese in August 1937, mainly for electric furnace steelmaking. After the Soviet Red Army entered the Northeast, major equipment such as the 15-ton electric furnace, 3-ton air hammer and transformer were dismantled.
6 Shenyang Internship Factory Steelmaking Plant
On November 2, 1948, Shenyang, the largest city in Northeast China, was liberated, and the Shenyang Military Control Commission took over the steelmaking plant of the Shenyang trainee factory.
7 Longyan Iron Ore
On December 7, 1948, Xuanhua was liberated, and the Chahar People's Government took over the Longyan Iron Mine of the North China Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. of the National Government Resources Committee. In February 1949, the North China People's Government officially managed the four factories and one mine under the Longyan Iron Mine; in July 1949, the mine and the oxygen factory resumed production. In 1951, the five 71-cubic-meter blast furnaces built by Longyan Iron Mine in Japan were renovated and resumed production one after another. The predecessor of the factory was Xuanhua Iron Works established by the Japanese-Puppet Mengjiang Xingye Co., Ltd. in 1941. On September 1, 1941, the 71-cubic-meter blast furnace was completed and put into operation. After that, 4 similar blast furnaces were built successively, with a total of 5 71-cubic-meter blast furnaces. blast furnace. By the time Japan surrendered in 1945, Japan had plundered 20,700 tons of pig iron locally.
8 Hebei Tangshan Steel Plant
On December 12, 1948, when Tangshan City was liberated, the Industrial and Mining Enterprise Office of the Tangshan Military Control Commission took over the Tangshan Steel Plant of the North China Iron and Steel Company and changed its name to Tangshan Steel Plant. At that time, the plant had a 1-ton and 6-ton chemical iron furnace, a 7-ton electric furnace, a 4-ton sour air side-blown converter steelmaking workshop, a Φ400×1/Φ250×4 small steel rolling workshop and a refractory material workshop. On December 13, 1948, Tangshan Steel Works resumed full production.
9 Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant
On December 17, 1948, Shijingshan was liberated, and on December 19, the Beiping Military Control Commission took over the Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant (the predecessor of Shougang). At that time, Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant had a No. 1 blast furnace with a daily output of 250 tons and a No. 2 blast furnace with a daily output of 380 tons, as well as 11 incomplete small blast furnaces left over from the Japanese-Puppet period. During the war of liberation, the No. 2 blast furnace was cast to death, and many equipment and equipment were dismantled or destroyed by the Kuomintang army. After the Military Control Commission took over, it immediately began to resume production. On January 9, 1949, the foundry resumed production; on April 21, the coke oven resumed production; on June 26, the blast furnace with a daily output of 250 tons resumed production. In December 1951, the No. 2 blast furnace with a daily output of 380 tons was successfully restored. Later, three small blast furnaces were restored one after another, and the Shijingshan Iron and Steel Plant was fully restored.
10 Tianjin Steel Plant
On January 15, 1949, when Tianjin was liberated, the Tianjin Military Control Commission took over the Tianjin Steel Factory, set up a general factory and branch factories, implemented unified management, and began to organize the resumption of production. At the end of May 1949, the plant repaired the 25-ton Martin open hearth and started steelmaking, and the small and medium-sized rolling mills also resumed production. (To be continued)