Yunnan China Power Steel Works and Yunnan Iron & Steel Works
On March 8, 1950, Yunnan was peacefully liberated, and the Kunming Military Control Commission took over the National Government China Electric Power Steel Plant. The plant was built after the Engineering Institute of the National Academia Sinica moved to Kunming on February 22, 1939. The equipment mainly includes a 1-ton electric furnace, a gas hammer and a grinding machine. In August 1941, a furnace of electric furnace steel was smelted. The plant is designed to produce 40 tons of steel ingots and 30 tons of steel products per month. At the same time, Yunnan Iron and Steel Plant was also taken over. The plant is a relatively large-scale steel plant co-organized by the National Government Resources Committee and Yunnan. Construction began in March 1940 and was completed in early May 1943; in May and November 1943, a 50-ton iron blast furnace (71 cubic meters per day) m) 1 and 2 1.5-ton Bessemer converters, which were closed after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War in September 1945. On April 7, 1950, the electric furnace of Yunnan China Electric Power Steel Plant resumed production; in March 1952, the blast furnace of Yunnan Iron and Steel Plant resumed production.
Sichuan Weiyuan Iron Works
In August 1950, Sichuan was liberated, and the military representative of the Southern Sichuan Administrative Office took over the Weiyuan Iron Works in Sichuan Province. The plant has a blast furnace with a daily output of 15 tons of iron.
In addition, while taking over the iron and steel enterprises of the National Government, the liberated areas also built their own iron and steel enterprises. In June 1947, according to the order of the Jinchaji Military Region Headquarters, the No. 2 blast furnace with a daily output of 20 tons of iron and 58 cubic meters of iron and its auxiliary equipment were demolished and transferred to the Guxian Iron Works in the southeast of Shanxi Province, and 100 technicians were transferred. Workers supported the construction, and it was officially put into operation on January 10, 1948.
Most of these old iron and steel enterprises and mines taken over have been damaged by successive wars, and most of them have been dilapidated, with incomplete production equipment and serious loss of engineering and technical personnel and workers. The new China's steel industry was based on these bureaucratic capital enterprises that took over and started with difficulty.

2. Steel enterprises run by private capitalists
Before the founding of the People's Republic of my country in 1949, some national capitalists in China established small iron and steel enterprises for iron-making (chemical iron), steel-making, steel rolling and metal products. According to statistics at the beginning of the founding of New China, there were 492 private steel enterprises with more than 10 employees and 16,034 employees. These private capital steel enterprises are mainly concentrated in big cities such as Tianjin and Shanghai, as well as in the southwestern region in the rear of the Anti-Japanese War, mainly in Chongqing.
When Tianjin was liberated on January 15, 1949, there were 74 private small rolling mills and more than 100 small workshop-style enterprises producing metal products. After the founding of New China, these national capital steel enterprises gradually resumed production with the support of the Tianjin Municipal People's Government.
When Shanghai was liberated on May 27, 1949, in addition to 7 bureaucratic capital steel enterprises that were taken over by the Shanghai Military Control Commission, there were also 31 private capital and private enterprises that smelted and rolled steel. By November 30, 1949, with the support of the Shanghai Municipal People's Government, 23 of the 31 enterprises resumed production; at the same time, there were also 34 small-scale steel rolling enterprises such as cold-rolled steel, welded pipe, seamless steel pipe and section steel. By April 20, 1950, 19 of the city's private small-scale steel rolling enterprises resumed production.
Southwest China has been gradually liberated since the end of 1949. In addition to the iron and steel enterprises run by the Nationalist government in Chongqing, Kunming, and Sichuan Neijiang, which were taken over, there are also many private iron and steel enterprises. These enterprises are iron and steel enterprises that relocated from the coast of the mainland after the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, and some private iron and steel enterprises in the southwest inland supported by the Nationalist government during the Anti-Japanese War. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Economic Affairs of the National Government in May 1943, there are 98 large-scale private steel mills in the southwest region, including 4 private steel mills. tons. In these enterprises, ironmaking mainly relies on small blast furnaces with a daily output of 5 to 20 tons of iron, and steelmaking mainly consists of small open hearth furnaces of 3 to 5 tons, electric furnaces of about 1 ton, and acid Bessemer converters of 1 ton. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, due to the extreme shrinking of the steel market, some private steel enterprises in the southwest region went bankrupt and some were merged by other enterprises.
These national capital iron and steel enterprises were gradually transformed into local state-owned iron and steel enterprises through public-private partnership during the socialist transformation in 1956.

3. Workshop-style small and micro enterprises of local folk local iron-making and steel-making
my country has a vast territory, rich mineral resources such as coal and iron, and has a long history of iron smelting. From ancient times to the present, in Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and other regions rich in coal and iron ore resources, some small and medium-sized folk local iron-making, steel-making and casting workshops have developed. steel industry. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, these small iron and steel enterprises developed rapidly with the support of the people's government. The products mainly met the production of local agricultural tools, and also supplied a small amount of commercial iron, which became an important supplement to the iron and steel industry in the new China.
By the end of 1949, among the more than 30 bureaucratic-capital iron and steel enterprises confiscated across the country, there were only less than 80,000 employees; there were 19 large-scale iron and steel enterprises capable of production, and the iron and steel production capacity was mainly concentrated in Anshan Iron and Steel in the Northeast. At that time, Ansteel's output accounted for more than 80% of the country's total, and other iron and steel enterprises not only had imperfect production equipment, but also had weak overall technology and production capacity. There are 19 blast furnaces, 12 open-hearth furnaces, and 22 electric furnaces in the country that can barely resume normal production. The largest blast furnace is Ansteel's 944-cubic-meter blast furnace, the largest open-hearth furnace is Ansteel's 150-ton open-hearth furnace, and the largest electric furnace is 6 Dalian Steel Works. Tons of electric furnace, the largest converter is 4 tons of acid side-blown air converter. In 1949, the country produced a total of 243,000 tons of iron, 158,000 tons of steel, and 140,000 tons of steel. It is on such a dilapidated foundation that the new China's steel industry began to struggle.
In the three years of the national economic recovery period, under the guidance of the policy of "comprehensive recovery and key construction", by the end of 1952, 34 blast furnaces and 26 open hearth furnaces had been restored and expanded nationwide, and the steel enterprises had fully completed the restoration work. In 1952, the country produced 1.93 million tons of iron, 1.349 million tons of steel, 1.06 million tons of steel, and 4.29 million tons of iron ore; the national steel output exceeded 1 million tons for the first time, reaching 1.349 million tons, exceeding the historical high of 940,000 tons in 1943. steel production.
From the establishment of New China in 1949 to the three-year national economic recovery period in 1952, and then to the completion of socialist transformation through public-private partnership in 1956, China's iron and steel industry has basically established a national unified planning and management system, and the new China's iron and steel industry has entered a new society. period of development. (End of full text)